Booker T Washington Essay Free Essays

Booker T. Washington originator of Tuskegee Institute, he was an understand dark teacher. Tuskegee supplier modern preparing to African American. We will compose a custom exposition test on Booker T Washington Essay or then again any comparative point just for you Request Now He accepted that African Americans would pick up regard from the white network in the event that they had exchange abilities. Washington additionally accepted that exchange abilities were vital to monetary security. He felt that monetary advancement was adequate and that blacks can endure disparity. Booker encouraged blacks to acknowledge separation and spotlight more on lifting themselves , instructing themselves in creating and modern cultivating abilities . W. E. B Du Bois was to a greater extent a political mastermind a scholarly researcher . He help discovered NAACP, he likewise distributed a book called The Souls of Black Folks . Bois accepted that scholarly training was more than exchange instruction. He felt like Booker T. Washington was keeping the African Americans caught in a lower social and monetary class with is accentuation on mechanical instruction. Du Bois needed the dark race to extend their psyche in expressions and science, he needed blacks to buckle down regardless of their vocation . The two of them was for African American to get their training and needed us to have indistinguishable equivalent rights from whites. The two of them had diverse political perspectives Du Bois urge blacks to request their equivalent rights ,Washington accepted that it was significant for blacks to grow great associations with whites overlooking segregation . Booker T. Washington had an increasingly balanced system it was more planed out. Washington plan was to change how other race apparent African American. His general objective was to exhibit to other race that African American were equipped for being enlightened, taught, and profitable man and ladies in the work power. In spite of the fact that, DuBois and Washington had a similar objective their strategies for accomplishing their objectives were totally different. Dubois felt that African Americans should request regard since they merited it. In any case, Washington position was that African American ought to gain their regard by demonstrating the world that they weren’t uninformed, hoodlums, or whatever else negative that was normally used to depict blacks. I concur with Washington approach since his methodology requests that individuals of color become dynamic in their own progressions. I think African American need to get back interface with their root before we can progress as a race in today society . Booker methodology can be change on the grounds that not every person was book savvy , but rather their a few people who could do something amazing with their hands . In the event that blacks could exploit the musings and thoughts of our progenitors we can develop as a race . Ida B. Wells a common right extremist, she communicated about lynching through composition and her talks . She help lessen the measure of lynching in the south. Ida B. Wells requested that the whites murders of the guiltless individuals be considered responsible of their activities. She additionally was associated with numerous making of a few associations empowering the headway of ladies and different minorities . Wells wasn’t hesitant to express her genuine thoughts she was decide to make away for the dark race . Mary Church Terrell was naturally introduced to riches, she was the primary dark ladies named to the District of Columbia Board of instruction . Mary was a sanction part and first leader of the National Association of Colored Women. She was broadly known for her help of women’s testimonial and resistance to racial isolation . Mary had many contributes, she educated at a dark optional school , worked with Fredrick Douglass and went through two years concentrating in Europe . She was a pioneer of an enormous dissent against isolated eating spots, and she was the main dark ladies to talk at the International Congress of Women in 1904 that was held in Berlin, Germany. She was an influential lady back in her days, made the strides that was important to succeed . Anna Julia Cooper was a piece of the women's activist development, she distributed a book call â€Å" A Voice from the South by a Black Women of the South â€Å". She is an African American researcher, she was the fourth dark ladies to acquire a doctoral certificate. Anna help found the Colored Women’s League in Washington D. C, she was one of only a handful barely any dark ladies welcomed to talk on the Pan-African Conference in London. She was focused on the race and sexual orientation equity Cooper carried on with her life as a functioning vocal member in the Women Era. Anna Julia Cooper accepted that keen women’s voices carried equalization to the battle for humankind . Dark ladies today should look as these ladies as good examples, they lead the route for some age. It’s up to us as ladies to take a risk to be heard and battle for what we have faith in. Regardless of the result Ida, Mary and Anna stood firm as ladies and ensure their voice were heard that by itself say a great deal regarding their character . Numerous ladies of our age is frightened to stand up on the thing they accept terrified of being judge. Ladies are more remarkable than they know , I figure ladies can at present elevate the dark race in the event that we met up to fix the things operating at a profit network and work together as opposed to tearing each other down. On the off chance that we change our mentality we can change the world. Step by step instructions to refer to Booker T Washington Essay, Essay models

Nuclear Bomb Free Essays

The innovation of atomic bomb has been one of the most critical occasions throughout the entire existence of mankind. It changed the direct of military fighting, yet additionally totally changed the geo-political condition by putting humanity’s level of control on its own future through coming possessing such omni strong implies that could clear out each type of life from earth for the time being. The recollections of the nuclear assault on the Hiroshima and Nagasaki have lived as a consistent token of the preeminent destruction that nuclear bombs can dispense. We will compose a custom article test on Atomic Bomb or then again any comparative theme just for you Request Now These recollections are fortified further by the rehashed examples of atomic testing and examination into the creation of nuclear weapons that are considerably more impressive and deadly in correlation of their antecedents. The compatibility of the investigation into nuclear and atomic weapons, or the weapons of mass pulverization, has made a profound ideological and political gap on the planet. From one perspective are individuals supporting atomic weapons, contending them as fundamental toolsâ to keep up possibilities of worldwide harmony and furthermore as intends to guarantee the security of countries having them. While on the opposite side are individuals, who see atomic weapons naturally as a danger to the endurance of humanity and battling for a world without dread and fears; for a universe of the post atomic age where the cloak of the danger of an approaching calamity is everlastingly lifted over. This paper will investigate the discussion on the atomic approach and significance of atomic weapons as a medium to guarantee worldwide harmony, while basically assessing the contentions introduced on both the sides. It will likewise investigate the possibilities of an atomic free world and the dreams such world involves for humankind. Developing an atomic convention The discussion on the attainability and utility of atomic weapons has seethed since the day the main military utilization of atomic weapons was accounted for on sixth August, 2006â (Katz, 1987). The standard contention of the supporters of atomic principle have focused on the obstacle impact of the atomic weapons against any potential assault or danger of hostility (Franklin, 1991). One of the most regularly refered to model is that of pretended by atomic weapons in carrying a quick end to the Second World War, with least conceivable setback all the while (Graham, 2005). They legitimately contend that without the strikes, Japan would have kept on battling till the last man down, taking up the quantity of losses on the two sides just as war uses to colossal levels (Franklin, 1991). From that point forward, the atomic precept has been strictly joined in the resistance methodology of each significant country, with tremendous writing made to refer to the completely need and certainty of atomic weapons as the main potentially approach to guarantee worldwide harmony and a war free world (Franklin, 1991). Post the finish of the Cold War advocates of the atomic approach have additionally contended the need of powerful atomic arrangement, particularly in the perspective on the risks posted by spilling of atomic weapons in the hands of a portion of the non dependable countries (Graham, 2005). Nonetheless, the convention of atomic discouragement has been seriously summoned by the pundits for its weaknesses and tight dreams that it take of nuance of world geo-legislative issues and the excessively shortsighted manner by which it treats the topic of prevention and worldwide harmony (Gottemoeller, 2002 ). Atomic approach and the race on working up atomic stockpile have been reprimanded from moral, good, political, down to earth and vital perspective over the greater part a century, particularly with regards to the cutting edge history of humankind that has been destroyed by unbelievable revulsions of wars and slaughter in the twentieth century (Muller, 2004). Scholars, erudite people and researchers and numerous military specialists have firmly contended for an atomic free world, in light of the solid premises that harmony is difficult to accomplish from those devices that have ability to completely wreck life (Cimbala and Scouras, 2002; Cortright, 1999). Their contention is powerful to reason as it is amusing as an idea and hypothesis to accomplish harmony by obliteration. The main likely path by which atomic weapons can bring harmony is through finished destruction of individuals, making an existence where no life would exists to strife and contend. Indeed, even the historical backdrop of the post atomic world doesn't rouse any trust in the viability of atomic weapons as a hindrance (Graham, 2005). In over sixty years after the finish of Second World War, endless clashes and at any rate three wars of global extent, including countries furnished with atomic force have gave a false representation of the hypothesis that atomic weapons can go about as any potential hindrance to wars (Cimbala and Scouras, 2002). It just makes a risk in heightening of dangers of atomic arm race, where countries without atomic weapons are attempting to have these pined for methods for mass pulverization, to make a universe of atomic common implosion (Franklin, 2002). It’s a reality that innovation can not be constrained as a privilege to a set number of countries, as the this perilous innovation spreads out, there are each potential possibilities that it tends to be used by sooner or later of time, by some reckless and unapproachable system to make a devastation of unrivaled extent (Muller, 2004). The hypothesis of atomic discouragement likewise looses its believability even with ascent of psychological oppression as the new peril confronting the new world (Graham, 2005). Atomic discouragement didn't go about as any obstacle to the assault on the World Trade Centers in 2001, or in London shelling in 2006. On the opposite they make another and unendingly progressively incredible danger where conceivable expansion of atomic weapons to psychological oppressor gatherings can imperil the whole idea of national protection procedures of numerous countries. End Atomic weapons can not go about as intends to accomplish worldwide harmony. They are weapons of mass demolition, weapons that can execute hundred of thousands of individuals in a flash, leveling civic establishments to tidy, deserting demise and a scarred earth that would be inhabitable for some ages. This path of death can not be a harbinger of harmony. Worldwide harmony must be accomplished by deliberate finish of atomic munititions stockpiles, and carefully prohibiting the examination, testing and ownership of atomic weapons. Reference H. Bruce Franklin. 1991.The Nightmare Considered: Critical Essays on Nuclear War Literature.: Nancy Anisfield †proofreader. Bowling Green State University Popular Press. Bowling Green, OH. Gottemoeller. Rose. 2002. Strategic Nuclear Weapons: Time for Control. Taina Susiluoto †proofreader. Joined Nations Institute for Disarmament Research. Spot of Publication: Geneva. Milton S. Katz. 1987. Boycott the Bomb: A History of SANE, the Committee for a Sane Nuclear Policy. Praeger. New York. Richard R. Muller. 2004. Getting Mad: A Nuclear Mutual Assured Destruction, Its Origins and Practice. Henry D. Sokolski †proofreader. Key Studies Institute. Carlisle Barracks, PA. Stephen J. Cimbala and Scouras, J.â 2002. A New Nuclear Century: Strategic Stability and Arms Control. Praeger. Westport, CT. Thomas Graham Jr. 2005. Sixty Years After Hiroshima, A Nuclear Era. Current History. Research Library Core. David Cortright. 1999. Boycott the Bomb. Sojourner. Humanities Module.  Step by step instructions to refer to Nuclear Bomb, Essay models

Integration Bee (guest post by Mike W. 19)

Integration Bee (guest post by Mike W. ‘19) This blog post is by Mike W. ‘19, epic speed integrator and Random Hall freshman physicist. If you enjoy integrating you can try out some problems at the end of this post, and if you enjoy Mike’s writing you should  read his most recent fiction project. Calculus has always been my favorite type of math. Maybe it’s the physicist in me. So when I heard that MIT had an annual Integration Bee, I got excited. I checked my calendar. The Bee was between the first and second semester. I might have trouble finding time, given my busy schedule of watching superhero cartoons, listening to songs about Alexander Hamilton on YouTube, and flipping through the physics textbooks I would use next semester (my personal record is forty pages flipped in a minute). I prepared. I found some integrals online. I did them. I reviewed all the techniques. I discovered I never really learned partial fractions. Turns out I wasn’t missing much, partial fractions is a total drag. Anyways, I waltzed in for the written portion, confident as you please. I tend to solve problems quickly, so the extreme time-pressure probably helped me. I made the cut, for the live round. Turns out my roommate did too. I did some more integrals leading up to the contest. My Hamilton-listening time took a serious hit. Partial fractions continued to be lame. U-subs all the way. I showed up at the event. I recognized a few of the people there. Mostly my fellow physics majors. Because math people can’t do integrals. At this point, I ask myself a very fundamental question: what is an integration bee? Yeah, I know. It’s a little embarrassing that I had gotten that far, done all the preparation, but I didn’t know the rules. But it turned out none of the other competitors were quite sure either. But the people running the event seemed to know (or else they were very good at bluffing). They had us go up in groups of five. We had to do integrals, with a time limit. If you got one wrong, you got a strike. Four strikes and you’re out. Things would continue until there were eight people left. Then, there would be a single elimination round. I scraped by with three strikes. So did my roommate. That meant we were seeded against the second and third best performers in the first round, respectively. We both managed to pull off victories. Which meant we were up against each other for a shot at the finals. My roommate steamrolled me. He got every problem right, I got every problem wrong. Then, he went on to win the contest. I’m not jealous. Not at all. I think this is sort of emblematic of MIT. No matter how hard you practice for something, no matter how much you cut into your Hamilton time, there is always a chance your roommate will beat you. Because this is MIT, so the odds are pretty good that your roommate is smart. And shares your taste in integrals. (Lydia againâ€") If you’ve got some integration in your toolbox, you can try the tournament out for yourself. Here are the qualifying rounds from 2014 and 2013, respectively, embedded from the 2014 web site. Even better: last year’s Integration Bee was videotaped, so you can watch and follow along. If you want even more integration, you can also read about the Integration Bee in Yan’s blog post from today, 2009, and  this Quora post, which includes insights from other Grand Integrators and almost Grand Integrators. PS: The beautiful tagline is by Cory, not by me. PPS: If youre not into this, dont worryâ€"you dont have to be very good at or very excited about integrals to fit in, do well, or have fun at MIT. We have all sorts of hobbies. In fact, you can get through MIT solving integrals very slowly and in private.

An Analysis of The Awakening Chapter - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 2 Words: 587 Downloads: 3 Date added: 2019/07/31 Category Literature Essay Level High school Tags: The Awakening Essay Did you like this example? In chapter fifteen, it is revealed that Robert decided to go on a trip to Mexico and is leaving that night. Edna is both shocked by the sudden news and the fact that Robert failed to tell her the decision himself. When Edna and Robert finally have a conversation about Roberts sudden trip to Mexico, Robert avoids giving his reasoning and shows very little emotion when speaking to Edna. Roberts distant behavior bothers Edna, and she sulks in the darkness after he leaves. In the beginning of the passage, Edna tries to get Robert to tell her when he is coming back or if he is even coming back at all. Robert avoids the question and fails to give Edna a definite answer. Chopins repetition of the words how long by Edna emphasizes Ednas persistence to get an answer out of Robert. The persistence conveys both Ednas feeling of worry that Robert will be gone long, but hope that he will not be. Edna repeating her question to Robert is her way of subtly asking Robert for some type of reassurance that he will come back. On the other hand, Chopins repetition of the vague phrase I dont know implies that Robert is avoiding answering Ednas question. Roberts repetitive avoidance of the question after Edna asks it twice unveils that he is attempting to create a divide between himself and Edna by following societys traditions. Edna is straying away from societys traditions and is attempting to keep the bond she has with Robert, though it may be frowned upon. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "An Analysis of The Awakening Chapter" essay for you Create order Once Robert ignores Ednas request for a definite answer, Edna calls Robert out on his distant behavior. Chopins strategy of Edna repeating Roberts statement that neither wants to part in any ill humor emphasizes that, while both are taking different sides when it comes to societys traditional rules, they both still try to think highly of each other. Neither wants to separate on a bad note. Chopin then has Edna reinforce a recurring theme that shes grown used to seeing and having Robert with her more often, which is why she is upset with his departure. Chopin included this line to explain that Edna is having trouble separating from Robert on a good note because he offers her no reason as to why he is being unfriendly and unkind with her. Edna is confused as to why Robert is suddenly distant with her and she just wants an answer. In the last few paragraphs, Robertss repetition of Good-by along with him addressing Edna as my dear Mrs. Pontellier hints that Robert is attempting to follow societys rules and traditions, but isnt fully assimilated into society trends. The repetition of Good-by reiterated the previous notion that Robert is distant with Edna to try and blend in with society. He is devoid of emotion with her, which is unusual since they have been spending almost every day together, and even addressed her formally by calling her Mrs. Pontellier instead of Edna. The one reason it can be inferred that Robert isnt fully assimilated into societys rules is when he called Edna my dear before addressing her formally. That phrase is Roberts only form of feeling and affection towards Edna. In turn, Edna addresses Robert by his first name and even asks him to write to her, which emphasizes Edna trying to cling on to their relationship. The entire passage emphasizes Edna and Roberts odd goodbye, and highlights t hat they both feel differently about societys rules and influences on eachother.

Bipolar 1 Disorder The Avery Grace File - 1991 Words

Bipolar 1 Disorder; The Avery Grace File Bipolar 1 disorder is a form of bipolar disorder, a major factor being that â€Å"†¦full symptoms of mania are experienced†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Susan Nolen-Hoeksema, Abnormal Psychology, 6th Edition). This disorder may have depressive episodes, but they are likely to be infrequent or mild in their occurrences. This paper explores the life of one Avery Grace, a 25-year-old college student who has struggled with her diagnosis since she was a teen. She has agreed to discuss her life and diagnosis in the hopes of helping someone else in the future. Family History Ms. Grace was asked about her family history and gave this response, â€Å"Life was hell from start to finish.† When asked to elaborate, she began explaining exactly what†¦show more content†¦I found out later that she had spent over $8,000.00 on that trip. My dad was furious and took her purse away. She wasn’t allowed to have it anymore.† â€Å"My dad enjoyed alcohol; a lot. He never yelled at us, but when my mom was having her ‘episodes’, that was what we called them, he would leave us alone with her. He said he had trouble dealing with her when she was having problems. I think he was cheating on my mom, but I could never prove that and he would never admit to it either.† â€Å"After the shopping trip fiasco, my mom decided she wanted to learn to paint and ended up trying to purchase an entire art supply store over the phone. When my dad forced her to hang up, she went into a rage so fierce she pulled a knife on him. She kicked and screamed and yelled at him, called him the worst names I had ever heard, until she was crying on the floor again. Dad put her into the hospital after that.† â€Å"My sister left home as soon as she turned 18 and my brother left for the army a year later. They said they had to get out of the house. My brother ended up killing himself in boot camp. His note said he couldn’t handle the stress his drill instructors were putting him under. That sent my mom into a tailspin of depression and she had to be hospitalized again. I haven’t heard from my sister since she left home. She could be dead for all we know. She was a little messed up too.† Onset When asked when she first started to experience her own symptoms of the

America Has Apologized, By Mychal Massie - 883 Words

The first article that I chose was â€Å"America Has Apologized,† by Mychal Massie. It gave a history lesson that showed many flaws about reparations. Also, it points out some ideas that could hold out the reparation idea. One idea Mychal mentioned is that, â€Å"The United States didn’t invent slavery.† Assuredly, it gives us the real reason why slavery was introduced and how African people enslaved themselves. The other main point about the reparations is that there are already plenty of African Americans who are already rich. Mychal gives the idea that Oprah Winfrey, Michael Jorden, and Tiger Woods are billionaires. He also explains that there are many people that do not need reparations and that it will be hard to judge who should get the money. I personally do not agree with the reparations for African American slaves. I agree with a lot of what the articles had to say because it is just too late for slavery reparations. The African American population is huge and it will be hard to determine whose relative was really a slave. The other point I agree on is that the inner cities are not good places to be in, where it is filled with violence and drugs. Most of the people who lives in areas like these are African American so we would be giving money to drug dealers or to murderers. The second article is about President Obama trying to get reparations for African Americans in the United States by 2016. This is the last thing he wanted to accomplish in office. This article by

A Report on High School Life and College Life Essay Sample free essay sample

1. AbstractLife is an escapade. We live in its events. Some events are screaming. while the other events are bad. Each individual should go through with different degree in instruction. get downing from primary following by intermediate and complete it with secondary school. After that a new chapter of life starts which is college life. In this chapter pupils possibly analyze abroad or place state surveies. In this phase pupils decidedly will see different alteration in their milieus. In this study I will travel throughout my life experience. For me. I anticipated tough alterations in the college life and certain plenty there were tough alterations. 2. IntroductionThis study will explicate the difference between my experience in high school and college life. College life is disputing for new pupils after they graduate from high school. For me. it is disputing. and I have to cover with the alteration in the new environment and school life as a whole. 2. 1BACKGROUNDMy name is Mohammed Abdulelah Mohammed Makki. my friends name me MAKKI. I am 21 old ages old. and I was born in 24/6/1992. My favorite topics is Mathematics. Physics and Chemistry. I joined simple school when I was 4 old ages old. Then. I study in Al-Amal National School as secondary school. After that I graduated with a good mark. My household decided to direct me to analyze abroad in Malaysia for higher instruction. I enrolled at Inti College in Jan 2013 to go on my surveies. 2. 2 High School ExperienceDuring school life you would larn the basic etiquette sing societal behavior whereas for me. School experience is the most importance thing make the best point in my life and learning accomplishments. Teachers help us to avoid the jobs of making prep. School life is by and large more disciplined than college life. You must have on a unvarying otherwise if you do non have on a unvarying the school will non let you to come in to the school 2. 3Current ExperienceAs a college pupil analyze off from place. I get to do determinations by myself which I need to larn to be independent in my life. I am responsible for my growing into absolute independency. Unlike in high school there are fewer regulations to assist or steer my academic advancement. I do non needfully acquire reminders about assignment deadlines or readying for trials and tests. I besides have to do fiscal determinations. I have to prioritise my demands and make up ones mind what to pass on. This new life off from place has made me a bit more responsible in general. 3. Discussion3. 1comparison between two experienceAttendanceCollege school’s attending is counted as recognition hr which will do me loosen up a spot. The lectors are less attention than instructors in school. although a batch of lectors offer excess recognition or will knock classs from Business school to As for pupils who attended category every twenty-four hours. However. high school’s attending is more rigorous comparison to college. Medical certification is required if I absent from school. Dress codificationThe frock codification between college school and high school is wholly difference. I am bound by frock codification when I am in secondary school life. I have to have on unvarying to school every twenty-four hours. I am non allowed to go to school if I am have oning insouciant wear to school. On the other manus. college is non bound with frock codification. Slipper and short bloomerss are non allowed in Inti College which is really easy to be follow. I can have on any jerseies I like to school every twenty-four hours. Different timetableTimetable from high school and college is different. My high school starts on 7a. m until1p. m. The school establishes category agenda to make full up most of the times of school yearss. There is merely half an hr of interruption clip to rest. The timetable in high school is changeless ; while the timetable in college is flexible. Sometimes there is one or two hours of break clip before another category start. I might take a sleep or iciness with friends during the long interruption clip. 3. 2 My Expectation LevelMy outlooks about college were built on the legion narratives by my high school instructors. My experience as a college pupil in Malaysia so far. has merely merely surpassed my outlooks. The difference lies in the new environment ( Malaysia ) . Since this is my first clip here. I’ve had to cover with a civilization daze which I expect to acquire over in the nearest hereafter. However. the school system is everything I expected. The timetable. frock codification. work load and instruction system are precisely wholly that my instructors have talked about all through high school. That is non to state that I’m happening it easy as college pupil. as hearing about an experience is rather different from really sing it. That said. I intend to do things a batch easier for myself with proper planning and organisation. With more self-denial. I expect to acquire myself to category and go to all talks. since there’s no Dendranthema grandifloruom or pa . to do me make it now. That besides applies to run intoing the deadlines for assignments and undertakings. and being more responsible in the manner I spend my clip and money. I expect to spread out my web of friends and possible concern familiarities run into more people from different civilizations and backgrounds. My greatest outlook of all. is to finish my surveies. gain my grade and move in front to get down my dream calling. 4. DecisionIn decision. my experience as a college pupil has been life altering. I have learned to be independent and responsible for my general wellbeing and academic advancement. I have adjusted to the societal and cultural differences. I have besides warmed up to the new academic agenda which is rather different from what was used in high school. I have made new friends from diverse civilizations and backgrounds which has enlightened me and helped me to spread out my position in the universe. I have learned to get by with the new work load which is more than work load in high school. My experience so far as a college pupil has increased my degree of adulthood as an grownup. 7. Mentions World Wide Web. differencebetween. com/difference-between-school-life-and-college-life/ # ixzz2K7FuWmaG Read more: hypertext transfer protocol: //www. differencebetween. com/difference-between-school-life-and-college-life/ # ixzz2K7MYqVvk

HOW TO WRITE A GOOD ESSAY ON ANY TOPIC PART 2

6. COMMON MISTAKES IN ESSAY WRITING Taking into account that you read this article, we have every right to suggest that your writing skills are far from ideal. Don’t worry: a lack of experience can be compensated with talent and efforts. Let’s look through the list of mistakes that you should avoid in your perfect essay. - Talking about nothing When you are not really interested in a topic and too lazy to provide profound research, you start making up stories, fabricate facts, and repeat your thesis statement, again and again, using different words. That’s not a good idea. Your teacher has read thousands of papers, and you can’t trick him or her with your eloquence. Pull yourself together, and you will pull through it! - Lack of concentration Focus on your question and don’t allow your thoughts to lose the right path. An essay is not a philosophical monologue that you can start with a poem and finish with a discourse about the origins of terrorism. Your writing has to be consistent and logical! - Including unsupported ideas Every statement in your writing requires one or two supporting details: facts, quotes, statistics, examples, etc. You will sound unreliable and thoughtless without these elements. - Lexical tautologies Come on, use a dictionary! Your vocabulary is not always enough, especially when the scientific terminology is required. Sometimes, it is better to consult the thesaurus in order to make your writing more complex and serious. - Ignore the task As said above, there are various types of essays. Every type has its own peculiarities, structure, and purpose. You shouldn’t mistake an argumentative essay for a persuasive or analytical essay. - New information in the conclusion A new idea in a concluding paragraph is a bad idea. The readers don’t want to be surprised by an unexpected detail. They are eager to see the logical finale of your reasoning. - Absence of the thesis statement Your thesis is the origin of the entire writing. That is why the foundation should be laid in the introductory paragraph. It establishes the structure, the logic, and the purpose of your narration. - Informal language Leave all words like â€Å"wanna† and â€Å"gotta† for your friends’ e-mails. An informal style is unacceptable for academic papers. Use high-level vocabulary and consult a dictionary if necessary. - Length of the sentences Balance is everything. You can’t develop an idea properly using four words. At the same time, lengthy constructions confuse your readers and hinder from following your reasoning. - Misuse of words Students frequently confuse words like â€Å"effect† and â€Å"affect,† â€Å"whose† and â€Å"those,† or â€Å"quit† and â€Å"quite.† Be attentive and proofread your paper two or three times. - Neglect references If you use a source, it is necessary to cite it properly. Plagiarism is a common problem of the modern educational system. The consequences of plagiarism can be very serious even if it seems to be accidental. - Punctuation mistakes Punctuation rules can be tangled and confusing. Anyway, you have to use proper punctuation in order to present your thoughts in a clear way and to make a good impression. Be especially careful with: - Comma splice: you should use a semicolon or add a conjunction between two independent clauses. - Missing comma before and, nor, but, or, yet, etc. - Missing subject or verb. - Unnecessary comma: you shouldn’t put commas between an independent clause and its dependent clause, verb and its direct object, or two elements with a conjunction between them. - Missing commas around interrupters: on the other hand, fortunately, in fact, etc. 7. CREDIBLE AND DUBIOUS SOURCES FOR YOUR ESSAY Every farmer knows that the harvest will be poor if you sow a field with meager soil. The same applies to the process of essay writing. If you use unreliable and untrusted sources, your work won’t be taken seriously. That is why the skills of searching trustworthy information are so important for every writer. Journalists have a rule that any fact should be confirmed with at least three sources. This law is also true for essays. Although it is nearly impossible to abide by this rule, the mentioned principle should be your orienting point. The internet is the greatest storage of data in our world, but the process of picking useful information often looks like digging through the trash. Below, we’ll give some directions so you won’t be totally lost in this chaos. First of all, you should figure out what domain names you can trust. A domain name is an indicator that shows a website belongs to a certain realm. We will discuss the prominent domains such as .edu, .org, .gov, and .com: .Edu This domain name points to different educational institutions. Usually, these websites are under control of educational specialists, so the published information is highly reliable. .Org The non-profit organizations have this domain name. The best thing about these sites is that they don’t try to sell you anything or to trick you in any possible way. In few words, they are worth your trust. .Gov This domain name is used by the governmental institutions. Here, the information is relatively reliable. However, some facts might be distorted and politicized, so you’d better be careful. .Com You should be very attentive while searching information on these websites. The commercial organizations are not always conscientious about provided data. Although some commercial sources are great, they may contain a lot of hidden or evident advertisements. Next warning: Stay away from the thousands of personal homepages and the millions of blogs. They are called PERSONAL for a reason. The bloggers offer their own point of view, and they are unlikely to be professionals. Of course, these kinds of sources might be helpful if you are looking for various opinions on your topic. However, you shouldn’t count on their credibility. What about printed sources? Let’s see how you can separate peer-reviewed and scientific journals from the plethora of magazines. - Scientific journals - Terminology, formal language - Absence of ads (usually) - Lack of colors - Published once in three months - Experienced and licensed authors - Other magazines - Informal language, simple vocabulary - Lots of ads - Glossy paper and bright printing - Published ALL THE TIME - Almost anybody We will clarify one more thing: fiction books are for leisure; non-fiction books are for research. Sure, you’ll have to use fiction as a source if you write a review of a book of fiction, but this fact is obvious. You can’t rely on any Wiki-site. The explanation is simple: anybody can edit these articles, and the censors are not always there to delete all of the nonsense. Although Wikipedia is far from ideal, you should check out other online encyclopedias: World Digital Library, Britannica, Scholarpedia, and others. Lots of library collections published online are a priceless source for your essay. You can also rely on information published online by well-known newspapers and news agencies: The New York Times, Daily News, The Washington Post, Reuters, Associated Press, etc. No doubt, you can provide your research in an old-fashioned way and visit the library on your own. Yes, they still exist. Remember that there is an exception to every rule. If you write an opinion paper, you may use any possible source in order to get acquainted with all existing points of view. ALWAYS take notes about your sources. This habit will keep you safe from plagiarism accusations. Use proper citations and give credit to your sources. Let’s summarize everything said above in this table. Good Sources - Websites that end with .edu, .org, and .gov - Well-known online newspapers and news agencies - Online encyclopedias - Scientific journals - Non-fiction books - Public, academic libraries Bad Sources - Most websites that end with .com - Personal homepages and blogs - Wikipedia - Glossy magazines - Fiction books - Word of mouth 8. COMMON ESSAY FORMATTING STYLES A formatting style is a particular approach to writing academic papers. As a rule, the formatting styles are standardized and accepted by the majority of educational and research institutions. Different disciplines require different approaches to citation and formatting, which is why there is no universal style. We will talk about three of the most widespread formats. MLA MLA (Modern Language Association) style is widely used for essays in humanities and liberal arts: literature, philosophy, music, etc. MLA style doesn’t require a title page. You type your name, your instructor’s name, the course, and the date in the upper left-hand corner on the first page of your paper. If emphasizing is necessary, you can use italics. A page where you mention all sources that you’ve used for your essay has the title â€Å"Works Cited.† We’ve mentioned the most significant peculiarities of MLA format. In order to get more detailed information, please, check out our presentation. APA This style was created by the American Psychological Association, so it is commonly used for the essays on social and behavioral disciplines: economics, history, psychology, management, etc. Unlike MLA style, APA format requires a title page. At the top, every page has a so-called â€Å"running head† – a short version of your work’s title (50 symbols maximum). The page with sources is called â€Å"References.† This information is enough to see the difference between APA and MLA formats. Before you start formatting your paper according to APA style, consult our presentation Chicago Format The title of this style comes from the Chicago Style Manual dedicated to American English punctuation, grammar, and style. It is widely used by students for formatting their papers on many disciplines. Chicago format allows writers to reference their sources with the help of footnotes and endnotes together with a bibliography page. That is the reason why this formatting style is preferable for the papers that focus on the source of origin. You’ll find more helpful information about Chicago format in our presentation. 9. GOOD TOPICS FOR VARIOUS TYPES OF ESSAYS Finally, we would like to offer you a list of 30 interesting topics that you may use for your papers. In brackets, we have included the most appropriate type of essay for every topic. COMPARE AND CONTRAST ESSAY: Civilization vs. Animal Instinct. Laptop vs. Desktop. ANALYTICAL ESSAY: Why are dreams important for our lives? Why can big indoor plants be dangerous? Change of Perception Based on Attractiveness ARGUMENTATIVE ESSAY: Should photography exhibitions be censored? Should cloning extinct species be allowed? PERSUASIVE ESSAY: Are Beauty Contests a Good Thing For Young Girls? Management and leadership are not the same things. Animal experimentation has to be permitted. Does computer gaming addiction lead to more dangerous consequences among children or adults? CHOICE ESSAY: Tyranny or democracy? Explain your choice. 1980s or 2000s? Explain your choice. PROBLEM SOLUTION ESSAY: How to guarantee justice for all in the USA? How to impress colleagues at your new workplace? EXPOSITORY ESSAY: Explain how writers can influence readers. What symptoms does shopping addiction have? DEFINITION ESSAY: Define the term â€Å"crowdsourcing.† Define the term â€Å"Russian soul.† CAUSE AND EFFECT ESSAY: Did the Industrial Revolution Lead to a Sexual Revolution? How does paternalism affect a child’s worldview? What are the main causes of euphoria? COLLEGE ADMISSIONS ESSAY: Why is name of the university the perfect place to prepare you for your future career? How do I imagine Earth of the 22nd century? PROCESS ESSAY: How to live through a boring lecture? How to read a book in 15 minutes? DESCRIPTIVE ESSAY: My worst nightmare. My teenage diary. NARRATIVE ESSAY: Describe the time when you realized that Santa and unicorns don’t exist. Why have I decided to move out from my parents’ house? CRITICAL ESSAY: What role does religion play in the novel â€Å"The Kite Runner?† On the â€Å"Wonder Woman† movie and feminism. On â€Å"American History X† and propaganda of Neo-Nazism. ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES ESSAY: The pros and cons of being an outcast teenager. Advantages and disadvantages of imaginative thinking.

Old Oregon Wood Store Essays

Old Oregon Wood Store Essays Old Oregon Wood Store Essay Old Oregon Wood Store Essay We explored three different options, given the need to create a division of work that would maximize the number of tables manufactured per day by either utilizing four or five employees and allowing the employees to either be part of the manufacturing process or manufacture tables on their own. We first decided to combine the finishing step with the packaging step since packaging required a very minimal amount of time and because the employee assigned to this function was being severely underutilized , therefore one employee could handle both job duties. We also decided that Cathy should be excluded from the manufacturing process and George should manufacture tables on his own, since he is the one that can assemble a table using the least amount of time. Using the Assignment method and the different times that it would take each individual to perform each job duty we concluded that it will take 260 minutes to manufacture one table given that assembly was assigned to Tom (60), finishing and packaging was assigned to Leon(90), and preparation was assigned to Randy(110). By utilizing this approach Tom, Leon, and Randy could manufacture 4. 36 tables in 480 minutes( total time available divided by longest job time), given that they work an eight hour shift, meanwhile George could manufacture 2. 09 tables during the same time period. This would allow the whole team to manufacture a total of 6. 45 tables in an eight hour work day. Our second option involved modifying assignments in the first approach. For the second approach we decided to assign each job duty to the person that would required the least amount of time for each different job duty, given that preparation was assigned to Tom, since there was no one else that could do the duty for 100 minutes or less and this was the longest job time from the entire process. We also decided to let George manufacture tables on his own and exclude Cathy from the manufacturing process. This approached equated to a total of 270 hours, given than assembly was assigned to Randy( 80), finishing and packaging to Leon(90), and preparation to Tom(100). By utilizing this pproach Tom, Leon, and Randy can manufacture 4. 8 tables in 480 minutes, meanwhile George manufactures 2. 09 tables during the same given time. This approach would allow the entire team to manufacture a total of around 7 tables per day. For the third option we decided to utilize all five of the employees but still keep finishing and packaging as one job duty instead of two. Since it would only take three employees to manufacture a table we decided that George and Tom could be best utilized if they were to manufacture tables on their own because they are both the fastest at manufacturing a table. After excluding George and Tom from the manufacturing process, we decided to assign preparation to Randy(110), since hes the one that can finish the job the fastest, and because preparation is the job duty that requires the most amount of time. After assigning preparation to Randy, we assigned assembly to Cathy (70), and finishing and packaging to Leon (90). By utilizing this division of work Randy, Cathy, and Leon can make 4. 36 tables in 480 minutes, Tom can make 1. 75 in the same given time, and George can make 2. 09 which would equate to a total number of 8. 2 tables per day.

Integrating Source Materials Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Integrating Source Materials - Coursework Example 96) explains, though he did not offer an explanation as to why. Quotation: â€Å"Involving our senses at every level, the re-perception of experiences can keep us from encountering physical phenomenon as they occur in time; in other words, watching what we do can sometimes prevent us from actually doing it." People perceive ideas differently. It has been said that there are those who watch and those who act. With reference to Roger (1995), when we indulge our sense at almost everything around us, reviewing our daily occurrence will help us encountering physical occurrence as they appear. That is reflecting on what we do can a times save us from taking part in the actual action (Rogers, 1995, p. 45). Summarize and paraphrase the contents of the two sources, with the intention of using them in your rough draft. Include at least one direct quotation from each source, and include in-text citations for all sources to avoid potential plagiarism. Set policies have been advocating for the participation of disabled children in general classrooms. As this stands, there has been another group favouring regular classroom---something that has not gone down well with other parents. For instance, Ms. Travis described Valarie’s case as, "She did not learn anything that year," referring to Valarie who was put in regular classroom against her wish. Reacting to the challenge of putting children in general classroom, Tomsho (200) said, â€Å"In 2005, more than half of all special-education students were considered mainstreamed, or "fully included," nationally. These students spent 80% or more of the school day in regular classrooms, up from about a third in 1990, according to the U.S. Department of Education.† He concluded by saying that the biggest challenge however was lack of clear policy. Referring particularly to Ms. Travis who said,

KKRs Acquisition of Alliance Boots Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

KKRs Acquisition of Alliance Boots - Case Study Example Besides the case which would be taken up for discussions, it is necessary to take up the case of KKR's purchase of RJR Nabisco, a food products manufacturing company. After the announcement of the deal being successful, RJR's stock price shot up from $ 55 to $ 77.25, a spectacular rise by any standards (Brigham & Ehrhardt, P.1000). During early times, the guiding principles for takeover were in terms of restructuring fully developed companies, acquiring them, and later on, disposing them at good margins, when they are able to provide profitable business. However, nowadays - these considerations are not taken into account, and what is merely important is the takeover of a larger company, preferably by a private equity, in order to utilize its assets for payment of creditors of the acquiring company. The method of experiencing acquisitions through LBO is widespread, and has given rise to private equity being termed as people who wish to liquidate the Company's production capacity, in order to pay off the post taken debts and obligations. Alliance Boots is being seen as the first FTSE Company to be acquired by private equity company, KKR, although earlier the latter had also acquired AFR Nabisco, a prominent food products manufacturer. On March 12, 2007, Alliance Boots was contacted by New York based private equality mogul, Kohlberg Kravis Roberts & Co., (KKR) for levered buyouts (LBO) for a record sum of 11 Billion. It is seen as the biggest European LBO deal ever struck and the underwriters even agreed to lengthen the period for Investor to stake claims in it. This move could be seen in terms of KKR's recent acquisition of the UK Retail chain, Alliance Boots, which was undertaken in conformity with the largest shareholder, Stephan Pessina on the condition that Mr. Pessina would just assume control in the newly acquired company. Modus operandi of LBO The mode of acquisition would be in terms of identifying companies, which had high cash flows, but lacked suitable avenues for investments. Through loans, these commercial debts would purchase majority interests in firms at higher than market rates. After this, the acquired company would have to take over the liabilities of the acquiring company, or the acquiring company would take loans by pledging the acquired company's assets etc. as security. Thus, it was possible to gain entry into very large corporations through the use of acquisition techniques. Over the years, it is seen that acquisitions now cease to have real value, since any company, however large, could be

A Study On The European Citizenship Politics Essay

A Study On The European Citizenship Politics Essay Citizenship is not an essence but a historical construction. The idea of European Union citizenship was first acknowledged in the Maastricht Treaty, which was signed in 1991 and came into effect in 1993. European patriotism and identity obviously draw on the concept of European citizenship. The complicated nature of European collective identity and the different collective identities of European nations eventually link the process of common identity-building to the legal formation of a European citizenry and the distribution of rights and duties guaranteed for citizens by European law (Von Beyme, 2001). Today, citizenship has moved to the forefront of political debates in many European countries as well as the European Union institutions, and it has become a volatile policy area where change is dynamic and continuous even if the citizenship laws remain robust to major changes mainly due to the friction between the nation state and supranationalism in terms of political sovereignty. While Maastricht Treaty establishes Union citizenship for every person holding the nationality of a Member State; the Amsterdam Treaty addresses this issue by adding that Citizenship of the Union shall complement and not replace national citizenship (Treaty on European Union Article 8, February 7, 1992). There is a problematical area which the European Charter on Fundamental Rights will not overcome: the citizenship is merely a derived condition of nationality, while certain fundamental rights are based on a mixture of various criteria other than citizenship or nationality alone. Even if the Charter on Fundamental Rights in the European Union adopted as a legally binding instrument with EU law, it will not change anything in this direction and this dilemma will remain to exist. An important problem of the current formulation of European Union citizenship is that it is not defined as an autonomous concept in Community Law at the supranational level, but defined exclusively by the appl icable member state legislation for granting of nationality only at the national level. From the perspective of the legal aspects of citizenship, EU citizenship might be characterized as a derived condition of nationality simply because there is no Community competence to set up its own criteria for defining nationality or citizenship, thus the formal European identity. The conception of European citizenship is one of the mechanisms that the integration process generates for further deepening of the Union. After several rounds of enlargements and accession of more than ten new member states in the last decade, the European integration project must focus its efforts on deepening its structures and organization rather than enlargement especially at a time of fast globalization. Today, Europe is in need of defining the borderlines of European citizenship which cannot be constructed by a model built on the nation state principles. Although the identity building stage for peoples of the European Union is similar to the process of national identity building; the EU citizenship shall be comprehended and structured as a whole different entity than national citizenship. Today, the European society is in trouble because of the unclear definition of the EU citizenship and common European identity, or the unhealthy practice of European citizenship through natio n state based models in the integrated Europe of our day. So far, the prospects of a common European citizenship have been basically failure when it comes to practice and the reason is that European citizenship is incorrectly formulized to serve the aims of national interests rather than the supranational institutions of the European Union. The ultimate attempt of the European Commission to consolidate political integration through a Constitutional Treaty in the year 2005 was rejected by citizens of France and the Netherlands. The public opinion indicates that most citizens in Europe are not eager to become citizens of Europe they are not willing to shift their sovereignty, political allegiance and identities from the national to the supranational level (Baubà ¶ck, 2006). The results of successive editions of the Eurobarometer suggests that European political identity is weak and there is a great variation across EU member states, while in most EU countries only a very small percentage of people around five percent declare having an exclus ive European identity while up to fifty percent do not have any sense of European identity (Gubernau, 2001: 176). Indeed, Amsterdam Treaty of 1997 makes it clear that citizenship of the Union shall complement and not replace national citizenship and that the Union shall respect the national identities of its member states. Treaty of Amsterdam amending the Treaty of the European Union: Article 1, October 2, 1997). Therefore, Community law does not recognize any authority of the Union in determining its own citizens (Baubà ¶ck, 2006). Instead, the current legislation suggests that the European Union citizenship is simply derived from national member state citizenship, which is highly problematic to serve the jurisdiction of the European Union institutions. Before the enlargement of 2004 which resulted with ten new member states joining the EU, the European Commission identified three priorities for the EU which highlighted giving full content to European citizenship (European Commission, 2004). In 2006, the second phase of the EU Programme to Promote Active European Citizenship was launched. The concept of a European citizenship incorporating shared values and a sense of belonging to the European Union in addition to legal rights were officially acknowledged by the Programme. However, today the European Union citizenship is increasingly challenged in domestic politics and may eventually become a source of conflict between member states, if it has not become an important area of intra-tension yet. Recent European experiences suggest that natural and spontaneous convergence among EU member states towards cosmopolitan liberal norms is no longer a reasonable expectation. Almost two decades after creating a citizenship of the Union, it shal l be the time that European policy-makers take the initiative of introducing common European standards for the citizenship laws of the member states to create an active and functioning European Union citizenship. Although this does not require imposing a single European citizenship law, the process might start with an open method of coordination and could result in an authority of EU law to regulate those aspects of national legislation that violate principles of European solidarity or result in discrimination and exclusion of third-country nationals (Baubà ¶ck, 2006: 6). Furthermore, problems exist at the supranational governance level as the European Parliament is the primary legislative body of the European Union but it is not a sovereign legislative body. . After all, the EU citizenship has unfortunately remained a metaphor with some added value to it until today. The European Union citizenship in order to practically exist needs direct effect of Community law in order to becom e e a genuine source of rights for citizens of Europe. Although Europe gave birth to the nation state system and the Europeans are creators of the idea of citizenship; peoples of the European Union are in desperate need of making an up-to-date definition of the EU citizenship today. The Classical Model of Citizenship, also known as the National-Political Citizenship, is a product of Europe in the context of the classical European nation state. One major problem in todays Europe is that this model is crumbling and no more capable of providing a complete comprehension of citizenship in the integrated Europe under our days dynamic conditions. The Classical Model applies to two types of nation state formations in Europe: the republican or civic model supported by France or the nationalist or ethnic model supported by Germany and the Eastern European states. Although the French model, also adopted by the Americans, focuses on the political qualities of culture and the German model focuses on the ethnical qualities as major elements; both incl ude the concept of nation, in other words people on a certain territory with certain rights and liberties as their main element. However, the strict attachment to territory when defining citizenship is no more applicable under todays European Union conditions; as free movement within the Union is established in recent years. On the other hand, the rights and liberties given to the increasing immigrant population and ethnic groups are questioned as the main factors of inconsistency, distress and tension in the socio-political life in Europe today. After all, the European Union is not a nation-state; it entails a whole different type of organization, a supranational entity above the level of member nation-states. If the EU is imagined as a large nation state, then its cultural politics stays on the top-bottom line as elitist discourse to create Europeans (Strath, 2000) and do not touch social identities of the people, except Euro-bureaucrats only (Shore, 2000). Nonetheless, today the EU citizenship rights are derivative of national citizenship and currently they do not form a compelling basis for an active European citizenship of participation (Delanty, 2000a: 83, Baubà ¶ck, 2006). On the other hand, to what extent EU citizenship departs from the nation-state norms of citizenship remains the question. The European integration has a positive impact on the decline of nation states as they begin to share their sovereignty for building a supranational entity which entails an economical as a well as a political unification of Europe. However, the National-Political Citizenship Model is out of date with the formation of todays integrationist Europe. European nation states are breaking down as they face with drastic changes driven by diverse outcomes of globalization, such as heterogeneous multicultural structure and free movement within the European Union which challenge the territory principle of the nation state structure. In Scholtes words, contemporary governance is multilayered; it includes important local, substate regional, suprastate, regional, and transworld operations alongside and intertwined with national arrangements (Scholte, 2000: 143). An important consequence of these shifts is that governance has become more fragmented and decentralized. Globalization has accelerated t he efforts for building European citizenship by creating gaps in effective governance at national level and refocusing attention on problems best dealt with at the sub-national or supra-national level (Rumford, 2003). Therefore, one can conclude that globalization has opened up the field of European governance. As a result, the new supranational state organization in Europe does not allow powerful nation states of the 20th Century to exist, and therefore the Classical Model of Citizenship which relies on the nation-state structure simply needs to be changed or reconfigured under todays circumstances. The present formulation of European Union citizenship has failed to establish a direct connection between the citizenry and the European Union institutions, without ties to the nation state. In the literature of liberal democracy, citizenship is meant to empower citizens of a state to hold governments accountable. In this respect, Union citizenship hardly satisfies democratic aspirations (Baubà ¶ck, 2006). Baubà ¶ck argues that the true value of being a citizen of the European Union lies not in rights one has towards the institutions of the Union, but in rights towards the other member states as the Union citizenship extensively prohibits national governments from discriminating against the citizens of other EU states (Baubà ¶ck, 2006: 1).. After all, there is a broader aspiration to promote relationships between the Union and European people which are to be more direct and substantial than they were in the past and which are less intervened by the member states. Almost a decade a fter the EU citizenship was introduced, the European Commission had confessed that EU citizens have little in the way of a European political consciousness and are not given much encouragement nor facility to engage in a consistent political dialogue with European institutions (European Commission, 2001:7). Therefore, Europeanists also believe that EU citizenship is also important for the future of the Union as it entails an enhanced relationship between the EU and its citizens which in turn will increase effectiveness and efficiency of European institutions, reducing the EUs democratic deficit while increasing the Unions political legitimacy. Meanwhile, the European citizenship has been a rather insignificant area of law and source of rights so far, after nearly two decades it had been introduced into the Community Law. In practice, the concept of EU citizenship has been used with an intention to close up certain gaps of free movement issues within the European land. The legal rights associated with citizenship of the Union are to travel and reside anywhere in the EU; to vote and to stand for election in municipal and European elections in the member state of residence, regardless of nationality; to have consular protection by the consulate of another member state while outside the EU; to petition the European Parliament and apply to the European Ombudsman (Consolidated Treaty of Rome Articles 18-22). Based on general principles of the Community law, specifically the principle of non-discrimination having direct effect, an extension of the substance of citizenship to third-country nationals who have legally lived within t he boundaries EU for a long time; and the issues that correlate with the interrelation between rights and duties remain as a question (Reich, 2001). Deviating from the past trend towards liberalization, there are numbers of countries, such as Greece, Denmark, and Austria, where restrictive citizenship laws have been either retained or further advanced largely due to the growing trend of external migration to the Union. The Netherlands, which used to have a liberal naturalization policy for immigrants, is the most dramatic example of a turnabout of citizenship policy. Furthermore, citizenship tests were introduced in Germany, Denmark, Greece, Austria, the United Kingdom and the Netherlands in addition to the widespread requirement of learning the dominant language, these tests include questions about the countrys history, constitution, and everyday culture which almost require university level education for immigrants in order to become citizens (Baubà ¶ck, 2006: 5). While language skills are universally accepted as useful for social as well as political integration for immigrants seeking citizenship, the usefulness of the largel y implausible questions asked in citizenship tests raise doubts. This new approach in European Union member states to naturalization reminds of exclusionary ethnic conception of citizenship as the new naturalization policies emphasize integration as a precondition for citizenship and they define integration as an individual achievement rather than a structural condition of equal rights and opportunities. Although citizenship is no longer attached to ethnic identities in todays Europe, it cannot be accepted as a tool for integrating societies which have heterogeneous origins. Today, the current formulation of the EU citizenship has three main features. First, it is not autonomous and genuine as it is derived from member state citizenship; second, it cannot establish a direct link between the European Union and its citizens without ties to the national level; and third, in practice it only gives free access to other member states for European citizens within the boundaries of the Union, and does not provide more. Moreover, it is a source of inequality and exclusion for Europeans. Some European Union member states may give national citizenship to immigrants in three years while another state can call for ten years of residence; thus there is no standards for becoming a European Union citizen for immigrants as the Union citizenship is merely connected to national citizenship. On the other hand, current policies do not serve as a unifying factor at the supranational level but remain merely connected to the national level as immigrants who move frequently betw een different member states of the EU while staying within the territories of the Union for an overall long period of time cannot become European Union citizens, because citizenship policies still operate at national level which does not only harm the unity of European society but also embarrass European Union by proving it as an ineffective political entity. In fact, nearly all European states require a certain period of continuous residence in their national territory rather than the territory of the European Union as a condition for naturalization according to their natural laws. Theoretically, the EU citizens have the right of free access to employment in other member states of the Union. However, this right has been temporarily suspended in some member states for the citizens of countries that have recently joined the EU which introduced a temporary form of second-class citizenship within the Union that is hard to reconcile with the basic commitment to free movement and non-dis crimination on grounds of nationality among the European Union citizens (Baubà ¶ck, 2007: 459).Therefore, one may conclude that there is a great inconsistency between the aims of the European Union citizenship and its current formulation due to the tension between national and supranational levels and the fact the EU citizenship is not genuine and remain merely a derivation from natural citizenship policies. There are different ways of responding to these problems and all entail a new formulization of European Union citizenship. A radical solution would be to turn the relation between supranational and national citizenship upside down, so that the former determines the latter (Baubà ¶ck, 2006). This would propose a federation for the European Union and there is not much political support among European citizens as well as governments for building such a European federation. The alternative remains to be to hope for a spontaneous convergence of national citizenship policies from below; which experience suggests that is not realistic to expect anytime soon. Many national reforms have moved in similar directions over the past decades, but it would be rather optimistic to believe that member states are willing to change their laws in order to avoid burdening other states with immigration problems or in order to secure roughly equal conditions for access to citizenship across Europe (Baubà ¶ck, 2006). Rainer Baubà ¶ck (2007) summarizes three major approaches to future European Union citizenship: The statist approach, the unionist approach and the pluralist approach. The statist approach view the European Union in as progressing towards a federal state, and suggests federal norms of citizenship such as the example of the United States for the EU citizenship. The unionist approach aims to strengthen citizenship of the Union by making it more inclusionary for the Europeans. It is different from the federal modal in terms that it seeks to emancipate EU citizenship from member-state citizenship rather than integrate the latter into the former. The pluralist approach seeks to apply general norms of democratic legitimacy at both supranational and national levels and to balance these concerns where they may coincide or conflict. Although this approach is not primarily committed to strengthening the EU citizenship by weakening member state citizenships; it is reformist in promoting a more consistent conception of multilevel citizenship which can be applied to the EU under todays conditions. The statist, in other words Federal approach has only few advocates and involves substantial departure from the path the European Union has been following until today which makes it a non-feasible solution. The Unionist approach has many advocates among Europeanists and immigrant populations; but in larger civil society it still remains a marginal proposition for European politics. Finally, the pluralist approach is the most feasible solution for European Union citizenship, but still it is too ambitious to have any chance of adaptation in the near future (Baubà ¶ck, 2007). After all, all three approaches propose different paths for European citizenship but they share a commitment to Union citizenship and they are opposed to Euroskeptic nationalist or intergovernmental perspectives on EU citizenship. In the general literature, In the general literature, there are several alternative formulations other than the Classical Model of Citizenship which may serve as basis for a common European Union citizenry.Revised National Citizenship Model is a new approach to citizenship; it is basically a version of the national-political model of citizenship which is arguably updated to todays conditions in Europe. Indeed, this model is probably the most commonly practiced citizenship model by the European states today, which simply took place of the classical model or mixed with the classical model due to change of the environment in Europe. Although this model supports openness in terms of a potential of citizenship for resident non-citizens, political rights are not given to the non-citizen residents which is central to discussion to overcome the potential problems in Europe centered in minority issues. Therefore, this model does not seem to provide a solution for the European Union citizenshi p in todays circumstances as it has already been largely practiced in parts of Europe. Finally, although the revised model makes it easier for non-citizen residents to earn citizenship rights while it simultaneously closes the doors for newcomers by establishing effective control over borders. The model makes it even harder to migrate into a country in any legal status which would decrease the non-citizen resident population. Most states in Europe such as England and Germany which are regarded as the hardest countries to earn citizenship; empower this model rather than the classical model today, to create a solution for their migration problems. The Post National Citizenship Model is the most complex, revolutionary and appropriate model for the future of European integration. Habermas, as a well-known European constitutionalist and pro-integrationist who comes from a republican nation state tradition, puts a lot of emphasis on civil rights and liberties while his arguments center on the idea of constitutional patriotism. The main argument is that Europe needs a public sphere, a public opinion and a political culture to create a common identity but the values used in creation of this singular European identity should not be ethnic or nationalist values and solely political elements of culture (Habermas, 1994). Ratification of a European Constitution would provide the easiest way to achieve these values to create a single European identity, which definitely cannot be created with ethnic or nationalist elements, which should remain as secondary identities. On the other hand, Habermas argues that further enlargement of the EU wi ll make integration even more difficult and the deepening of European Union is more important than its widening policies under todays conditions (Habermas, 2005). Finally, the newcomers are seen as a risk for the model of citizenship and the future of Europe because they must adapt to the European political culture or they will surely pose a threat to the democratic system of the state. Habermas concludes that a resident non-citizen should be entitled as a citizen only when being a part of the European political culture by building positive relations with the majority of the society and by being schooled in the educational system of the host country to for full adaptation (Habermas, 1994). On the contrary, Yasemin Soysal uses a different perspective while discussing the Post National Citizenship Model. The main argument which lies at the heart of the debate is that the human rights are more important than political rights because citizens are individuals which raise the importance of human rights (Soysal, 2000). The key point here is the fact that, although political rights are highly related to the nation state structure, the human rights are not related to the development of nation-state thus they are independent from a nation-state based citizenship model. Massive decolonization, the rise of transnational agencies, the emergence of multilevel politics and most importantly, increasing immigration after the Second World War are four developments that created the historical background for the rise of human rights in Europe in last fifty years. In Todays Europe, boundaries of citizenship are fluid, multiplicity of membership and universal personhood exist which are basi c characteristics of the Post-National Citizenship Model. As a result, the post-national citizenship model is compatible with todays European Union, as it does not count on national borders and only universal characteristics rather than national ones. Therefore, post national citizenship model suits well with the concept of a European citizenship, not created by ethnic, national or religious elements of culture but the political culture, as it was also argued by Habermas (1994, 2003). On the other hand, there is a counter-argument about the possible success of the Post-National Model application in Europe. The critical argument made by Soysal is that the rising trend of human rights creates a paradox, which lays as the main reason behind the increasing minority violence events across Europe. Soysal asks in todays environment of emphasized civil rights and post national individualism, how are particularistic identities affected, given the rise of human rights, particularistic identities such as ethnical, religious and national identities rise simultaneously (Soysal, 2000). The conclusion is that the Post National Citizenship Model sits on top of the paradox; civil rights and particularistic identities rise simultaneously as increasing liberties prepare grounds for expressing these identities. Although human rights are rising for the privileged citizens, not each and every individual in a society such as immigrant minorities in France has full access to human rights because they remain as non-citizen residents, outsiders to the culture and this causes the creation of socio-economical inequality. On the other hand, when these groups are given cultural rights under todays conditions without the establishment of necessary economic and social integration; the outcomes may be further expression of particularistic identities which will again create a threat to the social system. The rise of cultural rights is a crucial issue in the post national debate. Cultural rights are defined as an issue of human rights; the issue is related to group rights rather than individual rights in the post-national context (Taylor, 1999). For example the minority violence events on European streets can be understood by observing the rights of these groups of people who are all resident non-citizens and who all dont have national political rights; and it is important that all are group actions instead of individual actions. Cultural rights of these groups are crucial in a multicultural post-national Europe, and most of the social tension centers on the issue that how much cultural rights should the minority groups have in the context of an integrated Europe rather than a nation state structure. What makes these people different than European Union citizens in the cradle of democracy is the fact that majority rules in democracies and minorities are excluded from the system as a s acrifice simply because democracy is a majority system. On the other hand, in democracies, minorities have belief in the system because they have hopes to be a part of the majority and thus the ruling class one day and thats how the mechanism of democracy works. However, these minority groups in EU member states seemed to lose their hopes of having political rights, or becoming citizens in other words; thus they pose a threat for the democratic system under todays national-political citizenship model as Habermas also argues (1994). As these minority groups were left outside by segregation in Europe, and they have no political rights as resident non-citizens; the expression of their adaptation problems turned out to be attacks against the social and democratic structure in the country. These are all problems caused by the crumbling model of classical citizenship and post-national citizenship idea would bring solutions to most of these problematic areas. Immigrant minority groups in Europe would have citizenship rights that would integrate them into the democratic system and give them the chance to be represented, which will provide these groups hope and trust in democracy. As a result, violence on streets would be prevented because these groups would have the chance to fight for their rights in the democratic arena rather than the streets. The integration of non-citizen minority groups will give pace to the deepening process of Europe and it should be achieved before further widening which would slow down the integration in Europe by adding more complexities (Habermas, 2000). Cultural rights and cultural policy is another important area of tension in the debate of a European Union citizenship. In the Classical Nation state, or Liberal Model in other words, which is exercised by most European states today, public and private are two distinct and clearly separated realms (Habermas, 2003). Cultural rights can be exercised in the private area of life while public area is kept neutral and ethnic or cultural signs are kept out strictly. In France, people are asked not to wear even cross as a symbol of Christianity in the public area, however one can see women wearing headscarf in public in Paris; so the picture is mixed and complex. Taylor argues that this clear separation of public and private spaces aimed by the Liberal model cannot be achieved in a multicultural environment (Taylor, 1999), such as todays Europe. However, under a multicultural model suggested by Taylor which means the end of the Liberal model, all citizens will not be equal but groups of citi zens will have different rights in practice. If such a system will be designed for Europe it would be problematic to govern multicultural societies in European Union, more rights will be asked from the state to overcome the inequalities between the groups and it is questionable how much cultural rights a European state can give as a reply to the enormous demand by different groups. Such a system will lead to chaos in both governance and the society thus keeping the public sphere neutral as it is in the liberal model still is a better proposition for Europe while increasing the cultural rights homogenously to an extent supported by the Post National Citizenship Model. As a result, one may conclude that citizenship is increasingly post-national, rather than national, and the rights and benefits of citizenship frequently accumulate to resident non-citizens. Equally, the spaces within which citizenship is enacted and contestation and claims-making take place do not necessarily coincide with either the nation-state or the EU (Soysal, 2000). In short, there exists a proliferation of new forms of participation, and multiple arenas and levels on which individuals and groups enact their citizenship (Soysal, 2001: 160). The bond between citizenship and civil society can no longer be assumed, and nationally coded public spheres do not hold (Soysal, 2001: 172). The application of civil society to a transnational context has attracted criticism; particularly that such a move represents an attempt to reproduce on the supranational level a model that has reached its limits on the national level (Delanty, 1998). There is also

Suicide: My Thoughts :: Free Essays

I have known many adolescents who have thought about suicide. People’s reasons for suicide just cannot be legit in most cases. Some reasons are: â€Å"my girlfriend broke up with me† or â€Å"people make fun of me† or how about â€Å"I don’t have any friends?† Whatever the reason for the thought of suicide, there isn’t a valid one, unless we are dealing in euthanasia. People usually think suicide is the best and only solution to an insignificant problem. They do not think about the consequences or the people they may hurt in the process. So what if you total your car, or if some people don’t like you and you aren’t the most beautiful and popular person there is. It all matters on what you think about yourself. One might think: well how would he know how these people feel? I know because I too thought about suicide at one point in my life. But after evaluating the situation and putting some thought into how I not only would be creating the biggest sin there is, but how I will hurt my family and the ones who love me. I came to grips with reality and realized there are much better things in life than to sit and sulk about stupid, insignificant problems that occurred in my day. So what? That’s life. Suicide is not a solution to any problem. It only makes things worse and more complicated. Depressed people are not the only ones to commit suicide. A person who could seem to be the happiest, most outgoing person you know could kill themselves and you would never be able to figure out why. People just sporadically think that suicide is the best alternative and that it is the end all be all solution to all their problems. But what they don’t think about is that they won’t have anymore problems because they will be dead.

Bullying and Worldwide Issue

It is designed to harm someone's social humiliation. Convert Bullying includes lying, spreading rumors, negative facial expression, and playing nasty Jokes embarrass, humiliate, and simulate unkindly. The fifth one is . When a bully threatens someone else and frightens that person enough to make him/her do what the bully wants. The last one is SOCIAL. When a bully excludes someone from a group on purpose. It also includes a bully spreading rumors and making fun of someone by pointing out their differences.How are boys and girls different in their bullying? Boys may bully more than girls may, however some question this†¦ Do boys bully both boys and girls? Mostly. Do boys use physical aggression than girls? Maybe. Are girls becoming more physical in bullying than in the past? Yes. Are girls more likely to bully girls than boys? Yes. Last, do girls target weakness in others? No. How frequently does bullying occur? There are different estimates of how often children are bullied or p articipate in bullying.According to America, 3. 7 million participate in bullying. In addition, more than 3. 2 million are victims of â€Å"moderate† bullying each year. Seventy -four percent of eight to eleven year old students said teasing and bullying occur at their schools more than 40 times a day. Over the course nearly one-fourth of students across grades reported that they have been harassed or bullied because of their race. You know†¦ Try to be nice†¦ Moreover, stop following behind what people do†¦ Don't be a bully†¦ Be a friend

Ancient Medicine And Western Medicine - 1703 Words

Since the beginning of civilization healing has been influenced by many different issues, such as religion, politics of the time, different philosophies, and vested interest such as money. There has been conflicts between Eastern and WEstern medicine for a long time. Eastern medicine is viewed by many people in the West as having no validity and makes little sense to those who view the body in parts and pieces. Eastern medicine has long viewed the body as mind, body, and spirit as one entity. To understand the ideas of Eastern and Western medicines the history of each has to be taken into consideration. â€Å"Very often when we think of the evolution of medicine, or as we refer to it as Western Medicine, we think as far back as 2000 year ago with Galen in Rome or perhaps 2500 years ago with Hippocrates in Greece. We often sit back and think of how ancient that was†¦ and how primitive that must have been† (Grozs). Hippocrates, a physician in Greece, believed in scientific reasoning and the power of healing. His belief continued until the 19th century for 2,300 years. During the second century Galan, another Greek physician, was the first to promote the key to healing and soon every health problem was fit into a classification as it is today. His ways were strict, and only doctors had access to the healing knowledge (everygreenherb). During the dark ages natural healing was embraced once more. The Arabs brought alchemy and pharmacy into Western medicine. 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